E-commerce and Interactive Communications Methods :: E-Commerce Design Essays

Judicial Activism - Cons essays

Legal Activism - Cons expositions Legal activism, a staple of the American court framework, has for some time been enduring an onslaught for the rule of its structure. Permitting urgent choices to be left to the impulse of a few select people is an insecure technique for dealing with the lives of millions. Many will contend that legal activism, by its tendency, is one-sided, gives an excess of capacity to single individuals, and advances and helps wrongdoing. Judges have last say in significant legal disputes. They hold influence in a crooks crucial, or can pick to release a culprit. They decipher laws, and maybe in particular, decide the defendability of dubious governing body. Judges decisions are to a great extent dependent on close to home way of thinking and conclusion. The plans of judges are inspected nearly as intently as those of legislators. Many consider this to be an imperfect framework. Hypothetically, a law or practice might be protected one year, though it might be splendidly lawful in another. Various individuals regard it wrong that judges can apparently change the Constitution. It is just the appointed authorities who change, not the archive our ancestors wrote. Presidents and Congress pick the appointed authorities who will make these decisions. Truth be told, presidents frequently battle their arrangements for the court, as Nixon did when he said he would select appointed authorities who werent so delicate on wrongdoin g (Connolly, 1). This prompts the chance of a very one-sided court. The President, with an uncovered greater part of the Senate, may delegate to the position anybody he picks. The whole procedure requires the simultaneousness of a simple fifty-two people (O'Scannlain, 1). Decently effectively, the President can choose decides who will run in support of him unequivocally. This isn't just obscure however possibly destructive. Resigned Judge Robert Bork stated, The liberal first class will remain determined to force its good and legitimate structure on the remainder of society, and will even utilize outside courts, global arrangements and worldwide ... <!

Net Promoter Score (NPS) What, how, and why

Net Promoter Score (NPS) What, how, and why © Shutterstock.com | designer491This article focuses on the explanaition of the Net Promoter Score. We will define 1) what is the Net Promoter Score (NPS), 2) how Net Promoter Score works, and 3) why Net Promoter Score so important.WHAT IS THE NET PROMOTER SCOREThe Net Promoter Score can be termed as an index that ranges between -100 to 100. This index measures the customers’ willingness for recommending a specific brand’s products and services to others. In other words, the Net Promoter Score can be termed as a proxy that gauges the overall satisfaction level of a customer concerning a product or service launched by a company. This score also gauges the customer loyalty to a specific brand or company. The idea of the Net Promoter Score is based on the perspective that every company’s customers can be split into three categories namely; the detractors, promoters, and passives. Following is a complete insight on each of these categories. DetractorsDetractors are those groups of customers, who give a rating lower or 6. This group of customers is not satisfied with the kind of service/product offered. It is pretty likely that these individuals would not purchase the good from the company again. This group of customers can also damage the reputation of the company with their negative verdicts.PassivesPassives are those groups of customers who rate the product 7 or 8. These individuals are relatively satisfied with the product, but they are also not entirely loyal to the brand. They group can always switch to a competitor if better opportunities and services are provided. Although they won’t give negative verdicts on the product, they also won’t be enthusiastic enough to promote the products.PromotersPromoters are those groups of customers who rate the product 9-10. They are particularly fond of the products and services of the company. They are repeat buyers, and they also recommend the company to potential buyers.H istory of Net Promoter ScoreAll companies aim growth, profitability, and sustainability. However, this holistic growth is only possible when customers recommend a product or service to prospective buyers.Most of the leaders want their customers to be entirely satisfied with the product. But then, it is indeed a challenge to figure out how the customers are feeling. It is also quite difficult to establish accountability for the experience of the customers.The traditional customer satisfaction surveys won’t work in this regard, as the results are not published in a timely and individualized manner.Due to this reason, a couple of years back in 2003, Fred Reichheld and the Bain team came up with a research project in order to determine whether a newer and varied approach would turn out to be more fruitful in this regard. They worked with the data supplied by Satmetrix and tested a series of questions to determine customer behavior. This eventually led to the development of the NPS sco re system.The team of Fred and Bain came up with a novel way of determining how good a company treats its consumers. They determined how well relationships were developed from loyalty and satisfaction. This methodology could be applied by anyone, and it came to be known as the Net Promoter Score.With time, this methodology has been improved, developed and expanded. The use has been extended beyond the customers to build an engagement and commitment among the employees. The newer methods not only broadened the impact of the system but also transformed the organizations as a whole.HOW DOES THE NET PROMOTER SCORE WORK?Net Promoter Score MetricsNet Promoter Score gives a clear view of the company’s performance according to the customers’ perspective. According to the Bain analysis, the companies that provide sustained value to their customers achieve long-term profit growths. These companies have the NPS two times more than the average companies. The Net Promoter Score metrics can b e determined in the following ways;Measurement/CalculationInterpretation/ReadingEconomics of the NPS systemMeasurement/CalculationThe Net Promoter Score can be, measured/calculated by following these five simple steps.In order to start with the calculation, the questionnaire of the Net Promoter Score has to be sent to your target demographic (customer group).The survey responses from this questionnaire have to be downloaded and collected in an Excel spreadsheet.In your spreadsheet, you will now have to identify the responses as detractors, passives, and promoters. This can be done by adding the entire section of responses from every classification.You will now have to generate the total percentage of each group. This can be done by taking your group total and dividing it by the entire number of survey responses.After this, you will have to subtract the percentage of the total number of detractors from the percentage of total number of promoters. This will give your NPS.Example: Letâ €™s assume that you’ve received 100 responses in your survey.Among them,10 responses were from detractors;20 responses were from passives;70 responses were from promoters.On calculating the percentages of every group individually, you will come up with 10%, 20%, and 70%. You will now have to subtract the score of detractors, i.e., 10% from promoters, i.e., 70%. This will result in 60%. As a Net Promoter Score is always represented in integers, your NPS will be 60.Interpretation/ReadingThe basic idea of a Net Promoter Score is easy to comprehend. Due to this reason, it is widely popular and extensively used. If a brand has more detractors than promoters, then its score will automatically be negative and vice versa. The Net Promoter Score provides a company with a simple and easy to understand metric than can be shared with the company’s employees. The NPS generated turns out to be extremely handy for motivating the employees and improving/providing exceptional customer experience . The main idea here is to change customers who were initially unhappy or dissatisfied into promoters who will not only be satisfied with the service but will also recommend it to one and all. This in turn will increase the amount of revenue/profit of the company in the long run.Higher and better Net Promoter Scores indicate great business while the lower scores turn out to be the early warnings for digging deeper into the prospective customer satisfaction and issues of loyalty. According to research, the average Net Promoter Scores are relatively lower. While calculating the scores of 400 companies in 18 industries, Fred Reichheld observed that the median Net Promoter Score was merely 16%, which indeed is shockingly low.Economics of the NPSWith the interpretation of the NPS, it is quite clear to check how the balance between the detractors and promoters would indicate the potential of a company. If we start from behind, we will notice that it is likely to cost a company comparative ly more money to win the trust of a detractor than to keep the promoters satisfied. Detractors can file several complaints or even bog down the lines of customer service thereby exhausting more time and resources from the company. They wouldn’t buy any more services and products from your company, and this negative experience can affect your brand to a great extent.Exactly a contrary situation would occur with a customer enthusiast or a promoter. They are likely to buy more from their preferred company, and as they are satisfied with the services, they might also require fewer customer services. The best part: these individuals will recommend your services to friends and acquaintances. In other words, free publicity and recommendation from a promoter will mean that the company needn’t spend as much money on marketing and advertising. According to Fred Reichheld, promoters become a part of the company’s marketing unit.A thorough and holistic analysis of this subject was being c onducted by the Temkin group. According to them, the promoters are way better for the company than detractors. Compared to the detractors, they are likely to forget six times more and are also likely to repurchase five times more. They also have higher chances (almost double) of recommending a company compared to the detractors.Bain and Co., the ones who developed this metric have also profoundly studied about the correlation between company growth and the Net Promoter Score. They have observed that for most of the industries, Net Promoter Score turns out to be 20-60% of the organic growth rate of the company. In an average, an industry bigwig is more likely to have its NPS double than its competitors.On its website, Bain and Co. have a partial list of all those companies that are availing the scoring system of the Net Promoter Score. This list may not be quite comprehensive, but it does give a proper idea about the popularity of the Net Promoter Score and also its widespread use.NP S growthNPS is a good indicator of a company’s growth. However, the relationship between NPS and growth is stronger in some industries and weaker in some other. The relationship is strongest when;The industry has a good number of players, which gives customers a real choice.The effects of the network are minimal, thereby allowing customers to switch easily between their providers.With the extensive adoption and use of the various products and services, the industry is mature.The relationship between Net Promoter Score growth is weak and inconsistent in all those areas where these conditions do not hold.WHY IS THE NET PROMOTER SCORE IMPORTANT?Benefits of Net Promoter in comparison to other customer measurementsNet Promoter Score comes with several benefits compared to other top-notch units of customer measurements. Some of them are listed below.Simple interface The NPS surveys hardly require 2-3 questions. Thus, the burden of answering is quite low on the customers. On top of th at, there is a specific ‘likelihood to recommend’ question that only has to be rated on a scale of 0-10. The customers won’t have to delve into the complex and incomprehensible indices or correlation factors. The NPS is a simple and single number that can be tracked on a weekly or monthly basis just like the net profit. Just like the net profits, the NPS can also be divided into your required sections. It can be divided by brand labels, stores or even products.Easy-to-operate This is another remarkable feature of the NPS surveys. These surveys can be easily conducted via phone, email or even web servers (whichever is faster and comes up with more valuable data). The scores can also be complied and posted quickly, which allows people to check the results of their performance in a proper and timely manner.Prompt follow-up The ones collecting the NPS share the customer feedback quite promptly, right after it is received. They immediately ask the managers or the top level employ ees to contact the customers who have given unfavorable scores. These customers are contacted, their concerns are noted and their problems too are fixed according to the urgency. The managers and senior leaders use the data of the Net Promoter Score and the customer comments for informing decisions about the changes in the processes, the newer advent of products and other additional innovations.Extensive experience Numerous companies from varied levels of industries have now started measuring their NPS since the last few years. In fact, a couple of leading companies have also adopted the entire NPS system. Many of the practitioners also share their individual experiences via the NPS loyalty forums.Adaptable NPS can be easily adjusted to several multiple business settings. Thus, it also scores high concerning adaptability. The networking bigwig Apple too uses this in their retail stores, American Express after they’re done with the important service calls. Logitech, a popular com puter peripheral manufacturer, also uses this system for assessing what the customers think about every Logitech product.Uses of the Net Promoter ScoreBesides these high-end benefits, Net Promoter Score also comes with some additional uses. They are listed below.These surveys give an idea whether the users are willing to be contacted in the long run.The users are automatically sorted into panels called ‘detractors’, ‘passives and promoters’.The surveys are tailored to the group’s interests, and each of these surveys is conducted from time to time.The NPS helps in determining why the respondents feel a specific way as they do.The changes can be tracked from time to time.The problems can be corrected and capitalized on the basis of successes.Meaningful and good relationships can be built with the customers, and their perceptions about a brand can also be completely changed.Net promoter score and customer loyaltyWhile asking your customers a couple of questions for determinin g the Net Promoter Score, you are ‘actually’ asking them whether they are taking the time to give positive feedbacks about your company or a brand. Nowadays, individual opinions and word of mouth spread faster than anything else, so there’s indeed a profound relationship between the NPS and the customer loyalty.Checking your NPS is the easiest and the best way to see how your company is turning out to be in your customers’ eyes. In most cases, the positive Net Promoter Scores have showed stronger customer co-relations and better and profitable growth. The organizations and companies ranging from both the small start-ups to entrepreneurial bigwigs also use the NPS in order to assess customer satisfaction and track customer performance because it is simple, quick, benchmarkable, standardized and also quantifiable.Why Net Promoter Score matters for your businessNet promoter score is a great way to determine the profits from your business. But that’s not all. Following are som e more reasons suggesting why the NPS matters for your entrepreneurial house.The NPS plays a significant role in measuring, viewing and building customer satisfaction. It makes the companies realize that simply measuring the customer satisfaction is not enough. They have to go an extra edge in understanding how loyal, satisfied and happy the customers are. It lets you determine customer loyalty concerning proper business outcomes.It makes the challenging job of customer satisfaction easy. As you can track the results of your posted strategies, you will understand whether the strategy is working or not. In case it is going on the lower side, you can always get it replaced with another strategy.By using the NPS, you can enjoy more customer promotion. You come across promoters, who do the marketing for your company for free. These promoters can also be used to recommend your company to prospective clients.Businesses get the opportunity of asking more questions, and they also get the ch ance to delve deep into the customer problems. This not only fixes the problem swiftly, but it also makes the entire job quick and less hassling.Detractors can ruin the reputation of your company. So, by using an NPS you can always reduce the percentage of these detractors to grow and expand your business.You can also use the NPS for driving customer growth and boosting the value of customer lifetime.

Crime And Punishment By Fyodor Dostoevsky - 1488 Words

In the novel Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky, many of the characters serve as microcosms to the larger story as a whole. The negative portrayal of certain characters suggests that the consequences of living a self-serving and egocentric life are unavoidable, and that they all must compensate for their wrongs. Conversely, the characterization of the more selfless and altruistic characters, suggests that a life filled with positive actions is the noblest lifestyle and will be reciprocated by positive events in their own lives. A few characters are depicted more negatively through their actions and self-serving motives, that even bring down others in the process. Some depictions of selfishness are subtle, such as Maremeladov, but†¦show more content†¦While the institution of marriage is often considered to be a partnership, for Luzhin it is only another way to heighten his reputation and fulfill self-serving desires. Anya Ivanonva is also characterized negatively, through extensive bestial imagery showing how she prays on the poor to monetarily profit. Depicted as â€Å"a louse†¦wearing out the lives of others†, her livelihood is based solely on self-serving transactions with those who need help the most. This grimy and animalistic description shows how she is stuck on a primal level where her only focus is to benefit her own interests; greedy and sinful, she is never content. Svidrigailov is also a character who is transparently characterized as grotesque and sinful. Accused of poisoni ng his wife to escape the constraints of his marriage, raping a mute 15 year old without remorse, attempting to blackmail Dounia into marriage and then attempt to rape her, it is clear that he acts entirely to fulfill his own pleasures and desires. Even when Svidrigailov commits what app ears to be more altruistic acts, the underlying motive is to win over Dounia, accomplishing further self-gratification. On the subtler side, Marmeladov is a more lovable character,

Morality and Society Essay - 1295 Words

â€Å"Man is a moral being, only because he lives in society. Let all social life disappear and morality will disappear with it† – Emile Durkheim The statement that has been put forward by Emile Durkheim is valid in many ways, and I do believe it is agreeable. A person’s character or the guidelines that lead him through life are impacted by society. Not only are we put on a certain path by society, but we are set out to achieve the perception of what is truly right. Also right can be objectified in many ways, yet that which separates moral from immoral is society itself. Without it we will never know how to deal with life’s encounters. At a very young age we decide to follow a set of rules that have been put forward by the people around us,†¦show more content†¦However with social relationships come stress and other negative outcomes. For a person’s well-being, it is important to maintain healthy relationships with each other. Despite the significance of maintaining such a relationship, people have been detached to each other due to problems such as political upheaval and peer pressure. People occ upy themselves with politics so that they can fight for something they believe in, without the realization that a part of the society we live in is in complete disagreement to what they believe is right. Thus due to this they get completely disconnected with the other side of the society. It is not uncommon to have different views, it is not only in this society, but it exists all around the world. But not being able to find common ground on an issue that affects everyone is going to make it hard to form decisions in the long run. Mostly people involve themselves in such activities so that they can take part in what is in trend or when they are pushed in to that direction. According to a recent research done by mathematician Professor Ernesto Estrada, peer pressure among people in any social group has been in effect and it helps shape decisions (2013). According to his research individuals have interconnectedness in accordance to peer pressure. It manipulates groups of people to trust others without the realization that they areShow MoreRelatedMorality And Its Effect On Society855 Words   |  4 Pagesacquire morality. Some say that morality is a learned behavior, and others contribute human morality to a view of fairness, or unfairness. I believe that morality is declining in our society, and its decline has a negative effect on society. Does the passing of time change morality or will society change with the passing of time? We can seek the answer to that question by exploring different aspects of our s ociety to determine if a decline of morality has any negative effect on our society. SpecificallyRead MoreMorality And Its Effect On Society1474 Words   |  6 PagesMorality is compatible with politics, for it is the people who create politics and in them rest morals. Morality itself rest in the individual, and as such is interpreted in various ways; when put together it is only natural that the definition of morality as a whole is simplified and thus individual interpreting is compromise and also, a consensus is reached. As discussed in the â€Å"Apology† and elaborated in â€Å"Crito,† Socrates’ stance is moral in nature but is in line with politics, in relation toRead MoreMorality And Its Effect On Society1196 Words   |  5 PagesA utilitarian can prove that punishment is moral because it will reduce crime, it will give satisfaction to society, and it will deter other potential offenders. Punishment involves the deliberate infliction of suffering on an offender for a violation they caused such as a crime they did. Since punishment involves inflicting a pain or suffering to a criminal similar to an offender inflicts pain on his victim, it has generally been agreed that punishment requires moral justification. UtilitarianismRead MoreThe Effect Of Decaying Morality On Society934 Words   |  4 PagesDecaying Morality on Society The ability to distinguish between actions that are right or wrong, is an innate characteristic designed into every person. There are many scientific theories that attempt to explain how individuals acquire morality. Psychologist say that morality is a learned behavior, and others contribute human morality to a view of fairness, or unfairness. My point is, I believe that morality is declining in our society, and its decline has a negative effect on society. Does theRead MoreSexual Morality And Its Effects On Society1796 Words   |  8 Pageswould provide complete information about all the aspects of sexual morality and would also elaborate why the impact of the same is negative or bad. Also, to support the conclusion, information would be phased after considering details from both online and outlines sources. As per the outflow of many types of research, each day the overall influencing power of sexual morality is increasing or enhancing making it tough for the society to go eit her in favor or against it. Moreover, with the help of theRead MoreSociety s Sense Of Morality Essay2302 Words   |  10 Pagesit is incontrovertibly true that we have ignored and excused ourselves from morality at the painfully high cost of the well-being, security, and lives of countless others. From a retrospective point of view, we clearly possess a sense of morality as we recognize the aforementioned atrocities as fundamentally wrong, yet the very fact that these acts have been committed demands the recognition that humanity’s sense of morality can horrifically break down. It is all too easy to claim such events existedRead MoreMorality And Society In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies914 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Morality and society are learned rather than innate.† William Golding’s premise, derived from his most popular novel, Lord of the Flies, is dramatically true, as displayed throughout the intense and realistic plot. What is innate, however, is t he instinct for savagery. Golding builds a seemingly perfect microcosm, where several young boys are stranded on a deserted island, alone and without supplies. At the beginning of the book, we encounter the generalization seemingly introducing the book’s messageRead More‘It is from society and not from the individual that morality derives’ (Durkheim 1974: 61).2800 Words   |  12 Pages‘It is from society and not from the individual that morality derives’ (Durkheim 1974: 61). According to Emile Durkheim ‘morality begins with the membership and life of a group†¦and that society creates all moral codes, not individuals’ (Durkheim 1974: 37). He stated that an individual cannot exist without society or deny it, without denying himself. Zygmunt Bauman however disagrees and believes morality is a pre-social impulse and therefore does not originate in society. In this essay I will firstRead MoreDoes Fiction Build the Morality of Individua ls and Societies, or Does It Break It Down?947 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion: Does fiction build the morality of individuals and societies, or does it break it down? â€Å"The goal, I suppose, any fiction writer has, no matter what your subject, is to hit the human heart and the tear ducts and the nape of the neck and to make a person feel something about the characters are going through and to experience the moral paradoxes and struggles of being human.† -Tim OBrien It is undeniable that fiction has had the power to influence society in the past. History tells, forRead MoreConflicts Between Urban And Rural Life And Split Society s View On Morality1483 Words   |  6 PagesSeparate Ways by Higuchi Ichiyo was written in Japan during the Meiji period where the urbanization of cities changed rural life and split society s view on morality. Sealed Off by Zhang Ailing was written in China during World War II after the fall of Hong Kong to the Japanese. Even though the texts’ origins differ, one can see the prominent role of human relationships in both texts. Despite the failure of overcoming damage done by outside social forces, Separate Ways and Sealed Off’’s characters

Recent events have made the patents value of question Free Essays

Before BUG, Inc. decides to go international the company needs to apply for patents and trademarks to safeguard their corporate image and their product. At the baer minimum, the company needs to apply for an American patent and trademark. We will write a custom essay sample on Recent events have made the patents value of question or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the guidelines of the Paris Convention of 1870, more than 125 nations worldwide recognize patents that are registered with the World Patent Office in Switzerland (â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† 2007). Recent events have made the patents value of question in some Third World countries as there is an international movement to allow developing nations an exemption from world patent laws, but given the the nature of the product and the import regulations of most modernized countries, the patent protection is certainly worth having. Also important is an international trademark for the company logo (U. S. Trademark Law 2007). Establishing a legal claim to the trademark can help the company to establish an international identity associated with both their name and logo. Neither of these protections are particularly expensive and they can prevent the sale of black market goods which infringe on the BUG, Inc. product. They can also make it possible for BUG, Inc. to seek recompense in the event of patent infringement. Establishing the trademark and patent becomes especially important when Steve engages is corporate espionage and relays internal research and development information to BUG, Inc. ’s competitor, WIRETAP. The first thing that BUG needs to take into consideration with regard to the Steve’s actions as an employee of WIRETAP is that he ahs committed a federal crime under the Economic Espionage Case of 1996 (â€Å"Economic espionage†, 2007). That means that if the company can prduce sufficient evidence, Steve could be facing federal charges for his action. Steve could face 10 years in prison and up to $500,000 in fines related to criminal charges of the theft of trade secrets (Halligan 1996). WIRETAP could face $5 million in fines. (Halligan 1996). Because Walter was not a law enforcement official, it could be argued that his keeping Steve in a locked room for six hours constitutes false imprisonment and he could face criminal charges related to those actions (Best Practice #1, 1999). According to the International Association of Security Professional, the law allows security guards to detain people suspected of a crime long enough to ascertain their identity and to contact the police, not to question them for six hours, depending on the state they are operating in, he could be charged with false imprisonment or kidnapping. (Best Practice #1, 1999). In addition, in most states, his threats of physical violence, though only threats, constitute a verbal assault on Steve and he could be charged with assault as well. (Online Dictionary, 2007) Furthermore, because Walter did this while on the job and used a company facility to do so, BUG, Inc. may face some liability for his actions as well. BUG could argue that Walter was not acting within the scope of his duties, but that is belied by the fact that he took these actions on company time and on company property. (Best Practice #1, 1999). This may mean that because of Walter’s actions, BUG could be facing greater liability than Steve is. When BUG goes online, it is possible that they may be able to acquire the domain name previously purchased by the clearinghouse corporation through a lawsuit arguing that the clearinghouse purchased it with the intention of depriving them from the trademark (Uniform Domain, 1999). There are also provisions for administrative hearings if BUG can demonstrate that the other entity adopted the domain name just in an attempt to deprive them of the name by which they are commonly known (Uniform Domain, 1999). However, it would be imperative as their attorney to explain that the cost of instigating the lawsuit could be large and that they should weigh the cost of the lawsuit against the cost of simply purchasing the domain name from the current owners. There are provisions for the recovery of fees through the administrative hearing process, but they are not guaranteed to win (Uniform Domain, 1999). BUG should also be aware that as the instigators of an online contract they can determine what circumstances constitute acceptance of the contract and that American courts have held that online contracts are every bit as binding as written contracts (CyberLaw 2007). The company should also determine what their policy is with regards to sale of their product to non-law enforcement personnel and if they intend to distribute exclusively to appropriate law enforcement personnel, how they will verify that the person ordering the supplies is who they claim to be. The corporation should also consider contracting with an outside firm to supply website security to protect their financial transactions from hackers (CyberLaw 2007). At the BUG plant in Shady Town, BUG liability for the attack on the vendor and employees is mitigated by the fact that there is a community-wide crime spree underway and by the fact that the company has not replaced lights that have been broken or burned out. As an invited guest of the company, the vendor has the right to expect safety as do employees (Killion, 2007). When sued for losses which occurred on their property, Bug’s attorneys can argue that their responsibility to provide a safe environment for employees and clients was undermined by the community-wide crime spree (Killion, 2007) The investigation into Steve’s actions might result in civil RICO proceedings if the company can prove underlying mail, wire or securities fraud (â€Å"Overview† 2007). Without evidence of the underlying crime, there is no way to pursue civilian RICO charges (â€Å"Overview† 2007). Because the company was aware of the potential danger posed by the earlier model and opted not to correct it in an effort to lower production costs, BUG is liabile for the injuries suffered by Sally. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007) If the company had been unaware of the injury potential from the model or had discovered it after the model was in mass distribution and had issued a recall, their liability might have been lower. However, the company was aware of the problem and chose not to fix it in an effort to make more money. At that point, a good personal injury lawyer could argue that BUG was negligent and therefore should be forced to pay not only actual damages to Sally, but also punitive damages in the form of an award for pain and suffering. Punitive damages are awarded when the court determines that a company should be punished for their actions; in this case, for knowing that the product was potentially hazardous and doing nothing to end the danger. If the case went to trial, BUG’s attorneys could argue that the newer models of the device were safer and that the responsibility for Sally’s injury should be shared by her employer for failing to provide her with the newer model, but this argument does nothing to decrease BUG’s liability. (â€Å"Product Liability† 2007). WORKS CITED â€Å"Best Practice #1: Detaining Shoplifiting Suspects† www. iapsc. org/uploaded_documents/bp1. doc, November 6, 2007. Computer Crimes Intellectual Property Law† http://www. usdoj. gov/criminal/cybercrime/iplaws. html November 6, 2007. â€Å"Cyber Law† http://www. sidley. com/cyberlaw/features/int_juris. asp, November 6, 2007. â€Å"Free Dictionary† http://www. thefreedictionary. com/assault, November 6, 2007. Halligan, R. Mark. â€Å"The Economic Espionage Act of 1996: The Theft of Trade Secrets is Now a Federal Crime† http://my. execpc. com/~mhallign/crime. html November 6, 2007. â€Å"International Protection of Intellectual Property† http://www. wipo. int/pct/en/treaty/about. htm November 6, 2007. Killion, Susan Westrick and Katherine Dempski. â€Å"Legal And Ethical Issues† http://books. google. com/books? id=I20ZNJHFRVcCpg=PA105lpg=PA105dq=corporate+liability+for+attack+on+premisessource=webots=WTIBrE-gj2sig=iVtr5bLslUY7wZLeBT1zNzagWRQ How to cite Recent events have made the patents value of question, Papers

Like A Winding Sheet By Essays - American People Of German Descent

Like A Winding Sheet By Anne Petry Pressure from the Women In "Like a Winding Sheet" Anne Petry chooses not to fully develop the female characters of the story but still used them as a major part of the story to bring on the climax. Petry chose to do this by using each woman's appearance and in some cases their rank in society to bring out the violent doings of Johnson. Petry first used Johnson's boss as a crisis in the plot. Johnson was described as a man in pain and being tired which is assumed by the reader was from working the long hours at work. After repeatedly being late to work his boss finally scolds him for arriving so late, making her the first lady to start the conflict in the story. By Johnson's boss yelling at him he becomes angered as thoughts of striking his white, female boss enter his mind. The only things that keeps Johnson from hitting the boss was that it was extremely immoral to hit a woman, and the fact that she is a superior to him as his boss. The second woman in the story to create a complication in the story was the next young white girl who is working at the coffee shop. On his way home from work Johnson stopped at the coffee shop for the obvious cup of coffee. Johnson had waited in line for quite a while for the cup of coffee but when he finally got to the front for his coffee, the young white girl said that they were out of coffee. When she told Johnson this he didn't think that she did it in a polite manner at all. Johnson thought that he deserved more respect due to him being an elder to the girl, he felt that the girl didn't show this respect. Once again Johnson had thoughts of striking the young girl but for morality reasons, he refrained. The final woman was the one that pushed the story to its' climax. Johnson returned home a very tired and aggravated man from working and the disrespectful women through out the day. This woman happened to be his wife Mae, waiting for Johnson at home. Mae verbally abused him similarly to what his boss had done. His wife told him that he was being a "tough old nigger," and continued with similar statements. Although her meaning of the term wasn't as serious as the bosses was, it still added to Johnson's pressure. Once again the thoughts of raising a hand and striking the woman passed through his mind. This time Johnson couldn't refrain from striking his "abuser." Although the person was again a woman, the pressure on the man had been too much, and he released all of his pressure. All the women throughout the day contributed to the pressure that the man had building inside which finally became too much for Johnson to contain.

The late 19th and early 20th century essays

The late 19th and early 20th century essays The late 19th and early 20th century was a very extreme time for the United States, mainly in the differences between the rich and the poor. Which is my thesis statement for this research paper. During this era the poor got poorer and the rich got richer, rarely was there a middleclass population. The rich people never paid attention to the poor; they were only concerned with themselves and their well-being. In this paper I will support this thesis elaborately. The Gilded Age was a term used by Mark Twain to describe the late 19th century and the early 20th century. It brought change for the middle class people as well as the rich and poor (Hakim p. 9). Vacations became part of the lives of ordinary people for the first time. It was a time of extremes for the American population. During this era there were not many people who made a whole lot of money. 1914 was the first year that any Americans paid an income tax. Only 1 percent of Americans were rich enough to have to pay income tax (p. 60). Most of the rich people were politicians who were corrupt and full of greed. Fat-cat industrialists stuffed themselves on profits from high tariffs, while poor farmers were excluded from the good life (p. 61). This shows how the rich gained and the poor lost. During the Gilded Age the economy wasnt stable, it was weak and changed frequently. When money was short in supply people who had money to lend could charge a lot of interest to those who wanted to borrow it-even though the price of other goods were falling (p. 65). Another instance in which the rich was greatly different from the poor was during deflation. While the rich rarely had debts, the poor were in trouble. Because the poor usually borrowed money, deflation lowered their income but they still had to payback loans at interest rates based on the old higher prices (p. 66). The poor immigrants who came from other countries looking for a better life ...

100 Amazing Topics for Your Strong Persuasive Essay

100 Amazing Topics for Your Strong Persuasive Essay 100 Great Topics for Your Persuasive Essay Often students are given the topic before starting their assignment. If you ask average scholars what they think about choosing a topic on their own, they would probably say that it’s associated with additional problems. In fact, choosing a topic on your own can be a great advantage if you have a correct understanding of how to do it right. If your teacher gives you a chance to decide on a topic independently, you can pick up the theme that is interesting and familiar to you. Moreover, you can check if there are enough free and available information sources for writing an essay before making your final choice. If you are given a task to write a persuasive essay and to choose its topic on your own, use this opportunity. It’s only enough to spend around 10-20 minutes to learn how to choose the topic correctly and our article is aimed at helping you with this. Why Students Write Argumentative Essays Instead of Persuasive Essays Before giving you a list of topics, we want to speak about the difference between argumentative and persuasive essays. The problem is that many students can’t tell these two types of essays apart and make a huge mistake writing an argumentative essay instead of the assigned persuasive paper. Both types have quite similar aims and it’s not easy to understand how they differ. We’ve found a definition that will make you see the features of the different types easier: Argumentative essay shows your point of view on a problem or a subject. Explaining something, you tell the reader that there are also other possible ideas about the topic, however, you choose the one you speak about due to some reasons. You explain your idea but you allow your reader to think differently and to decide whether to support your point of view or not. Persuasive essay also speaks about your point of view on a certain topic. However, this time you use the facts and statements to prove that your point of view is the correct one, the most practical or ethical one. Step by step, you have to show that different points of view are less logical. Your final aim is to make a reader support your idea. Understanding the difference between the two types, you can also see a clearer and more correct way of picking up a topic for your persuasive essay. 100 Topics for Your Excellent Persuasive Essay Working with the list of topics, you can choose a ready topic and start to work on it or to take it as an inspiring sample and to create a similar theme for your future essay. Topics for Elementary Scholars Is it allowed to have a wild-born animal as a pet? Is it better to be the only child or to grow up in a big family? If you found a home of a rare animal on your yard, would you give it to the laboratory or to the local zoo? Is having a superpower making you a better person? The best holiday of the year is Birthday/Christmas/New Year’s Eve. If the invisible potion is discovered, shall it be given to people unrestrictedly? A shop assistant/waiter/bus driver is the worst job in the world. Shall parents encourage their children to choose school/friends/bedroom decor independently? Shall we stay friendly with everyone? Shall having an expensive gadget influence the way others see us? Topics for High School Scholars Will the return of the death penalty scare criminals from committing a crime? Is it safe to allow people to change their names any time they want? Shall we pay attention at moral and personal qualities of a president? Is younger generation better adapted for positive changes in the world? Can fashion be harmful to society? Shall reach people pay extra taxes to help those who are poor? Is lowering the voting age is a good idea? How to reduce the level of crimes among high schools students? Shall privacy be violated for national security? Topics Connected to Education Existing disciplinary means are outdated to control modern teens. The modern way of holding exams and academic tests may be harmful to the development of creativity and critical thinking? Shall IT students be encouraged to create their own entertaining applications and video games? How to provide an equally high level of education for children in big cities and rural areas? Shall children with different types of disabilities study in separate classes? What is the most effective way to stop bullying among kids? Is it necessary to have a special uniform for teachers? Shall physical training lessons be held by professional sportsmen? Which measures can be taken to motivate students with lower marks? Can video games encourage students to use guns at school? Topics Connected to Technology and Scientific Progress How environmental protection can be improved on a local level? Can robots with artificial intellect replace humans completely? Shall fuel be replaced with alternative sources of energy? Is global warming a natural process that doesn’t depend on the activity of humans? What is the alternative for genetically modified food? Is terrorism the most common reason for the modern plane crash? The role of the human in the extinction of rare animals and plants. Is it ethical to restrict a number of children in a family in order to control the growth of the population? How soft drugs can be used in medicine? The ethical side of cloning animals. Topics Connected to Nature Are zoos helpful for protection of rare species of animals? Can hunting be ethical? London Zoo is one of the largest and the best zoos on a planet: do animals feel good there? Is there’s any reason to keep exotic animals as domestic pets? What is the best and most effective way to train domestic animals? Is it ok to breed different animals in order to create new species? Vegetarianism can’t be helpful for the animal world and nature. Is it immoral to wear natural leather? Is there a point of trying to return extinct animals like a mammoth? Why governmental method of nature protection can’t stop poaching? Topics Connected to Music and Arts How pirating music influences the economy of a country. Can fame of a music band or a singer bring more opportunities for development of the country they originate from? Some music types have almost no differences: why shall they be separated into different types? Can music be used in the process of rehabilitation of criminals and prisoners? Will decreasing the price of music apps and albums lead to decreasing pirating? Will ancient Chinese music be indicated as a different type of art? Will the kind of music for rehabilitation be chosen individually? How historical songs help us to understand certain moments of history? Can technologies replace artists and musicians? Music as a part of therapy for curing mental disorders. Topics Connected to Sports Shall the animal sport be banned? Is it ethical to advertise junk food, alcohol or cigarettes during sports events? Shall popular sportsmen control their behavior being a role model for teenagers? Is the popularity of extreme sports can be a dangerous trend? Shall the bullfighting be banned, even being a part of Spanish culture and an old tradition? Are genetics and an inborn talent more important than the hard work in reaching great results in sport? Is there point of creating sports teams that may include both male and female players? Shall different types of sports be separated into female and male sports? Shall sportsmen work not only with a coach but also with a psychologist to avoid serious depression and to achieve better results? Is it necessary to make anti-doping control more severe? Complicated Topics for Persuasive Essays Are those features of people that are called ‘negative’ natural and coincide with the inborn instincts? What shall be the main aim of sexual education at school? Which measures can be taken to make oil producers be more attentive to oil spills? Shall other countries answer the new US policy that may violate the rights of national minorities? Is the legislation that controls selling of guns effective? Is free internet real harm to the moral norms of society? Which changes are necessary to make the copyright laws more effective? Shall teenagers be given more legal rights like voting, buying alcohol, dealing with banks and businesses? How would the opening of borders influence the world’s economy? How the world would be different now in the case if the German army could win the Second World War? Topics Connected to Ethics and Morality How to make animal testing less unethical in a case it can’t be banned? Shall people be given a legal right to die or to suicide? How kids’ beauty contest can influence the development of psychological disorders among young children? Which conditions are necessary to make euthanasia not illegal? How can governments of developed countries stop using child labor in other countries? Is atheism dangerous for moral norms? How to reduce the number of unnecessary plastic operations that may harm one’s health? Shall college students be allowed to buy alcohol drinks? Shall college students be involved in voluntary work that is connected to their future profession? What can be an alternative way of controlling the number of illegal immigrants? Do cameras in public places help to reduce the number of crimes? Universal Topics for Persuasive Essay What is the most tolerant way to control the relationship between atheists and believers? Is it necessary to participate in war conflicts in Middle Eastern countries? The influence of ‘Sexual Revolution’ on modern art, music and idols. Why the tension between vegetarians and meat eaters is growing and how to control it? Which types of crimes shall lead to a death sentence? Shall students keep a special diet that helps their brain to work better? Would the portrait of Mona Lisa be the same popular if it’s painted by an unknown artist? Shall people change their attitude towards cheating and call it sexual freedom? Is the art for masses less important than the recognized elite masterpieces? Modern fashion trends make women feel worse and look less natural comparing to women of the past. Choosing an interesting topic is not as easy as it may look. You shall prefer those topics that may have several possible explanations and points of view. It’s always good to choose some controversial topics, however, in that case, you shall also have a clear and grounded position about it. It’s not always necessary to create the topic on your own. It’s ok to choose one of the topics that is presented in a list. Even if you choose a topic that has been discussed before, you can express different ideas about it and make your paper sound unique.

A Criminal Profiling Code of Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Criminal Profiling Code of Ethics - Coursework Example As a component of the criminal exploratory procedure, profiling offers depth into crime scene examinations; the mannerism of a criminal is reflective of ones fundamental psychological process. In most instances, the outward show of a scene where a crime has been committed can also disclose vital information concerning the perpetrator's fundamental sociopathy, psychopathy, enduring personality or psychopathology. Profiling is also valuable when trying to find slight commonalities in successive crimes. It has not grown as a tool for identifying a criminal in a case; to a certain extent, it has developed as a way of providing depth to an entire investigation. Profiling assists in undertaking psychological assessments in cases of ambivalent death. In many instances, a profile can help investigators in creating the probability that the death was a consequence of suicidal, natural, homicidal or accidental origin. Profiling can propose new possibilities of investigation, hold up the working hypotheses of criminal investigating officers, develop a structure for cross-examination after suspect arrest, and aid the prosecution or defense in developing a case presentation strategy in the courtroom (R. Holmes, 2009; S. Holmes, 2009). There are a noteworthy number of ethical concerns raised by the need for profiling professionalization. There is no precise training or educational qualifications for one to be labeled a profiler. The absence of training or educational requirements also implies that there are no basic standards for the determination of proficiency; the need for competency standards promotes the failure to either sanction or discipline profiling practitioners who are incompetent or irresponsible. There is no juried structure for practice quantification, there is no conformity as to what the procedure of designing a profile involves, or what a profile should include, and there is no universally acceptable methodology for conducting the process of profiling. This means there is no scientific foundation on which profiling stands, as it cannot undergo analysis and its procedure cannot, as a result, be replicable. On the side of profiling practice, there are many ethical issues connected with the employing of psychological and personality theories as a way of influencing criminal investigation results. Profiling has been depicted by the press as a heroic or romantic occupation, probably ensuing in an inexact view of the role and life of a profiler. Consequently, the field might draw people who are less capable to proficient practice. When not convincingly done, profiling can lead to severe harm or inflict delays in the real resolution of a case by proposing wrong investigation directions. The hunt of suspects who fall in a typology proposed by the profiler which is extremely diverse than that of the real person responsible could also give rise to the arrest or implication of guiltless parties. Lastly, there are no officially acceptable ethical principles for the profiling practice (R. Holmes, 2009; S. Holmes, 2009). Relevance of Victimology to Criminal Profiling Victimology is extremely relevant in criminal profiling because it examines victims as involved in an asymmetric situation or relationship.   "Asymmetry" implies whatever event that is exploitative, unbalanced, alienating, parasitical, destructive, oppressive, or having inbuilt suffering.  For instance, vacationers got lost on one of the nation’s main freeway. Most of their dead bodies were later on found in the National Forest, in varying conditions of decomposition. Some made their trips as couples, others unaccompanied. They were both females and males, aged around 20 to 25. They were

Construction Industry, Climate Change and use of Renewable Energy Essay

Construction Industry, Climate Change and use of Renewable Energy Options - Essay Example Since origination, humans have been involved in various activities, utilizing the physical as well as the mental part. The activities only transformed our globe from a primitive one to developed one. But, one can see that these activities not only resulted in development but have also have caused destructions to our earth. That is, in his/her quest to achieve advancement, humans have invented or inventing many tools and are also developing rapidly in particular fields. But, unfortunately, the same tools and the developing fields are damaging human lives and the earth’s environment, which sustain the lives. One of the ‘developing fields’, which contributes to damages is the construction field or industry. The fact is, â€Å"the construction industry are generating close to one-third of all the waste in Britain while 20% of new building materials on the average building site are simply thrown away at the end of the job† (Seager 2007). Also, the important part s of the construction industry, lighting and heating of buildings have to lead to the generation of 50% of Britains carbon dioxide emissions. Most of the firms of the construction industry are following the plan, â€Å"three zeros - zero carbon, zero water and zero waste," with the changes made by the industry itself, as government legislation would take too long (Seager 2007).The use of eco-damaging products and faulty coordination by the construction industry is bringing in host of problems to the people mainly in the form of global warming. â€Å"The Stern Report, by Sir Nicholas Stern, the World Bank’s former chief economist, says the lack of coordination between elements of the industry creates poor quality, energy-inefficient buildings†¦ With no action, each tonne of carbon dioxide we emit will cause at least  £45 of damage† (Miller).  

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As you inhale the aggregate odor of your senior class for the last time, I’m sure there are many burning questions racing through your minds: â€Å"Will I find my place in the world?† If you’re lucky. â€Å"Am I really going to graduate a virgin?† Yeah, probably. â€Å"Who is that incredibly handsome young man addressing us, and how long do we have the privilege of listening to him?† Howdy, Andrew Gonzales here, and hopefully not long; I realize that your robes are making you sweat, your thongs are making you uncomfortable, and my use of the words â€Å"virgin† and â€Å"thongs† is making your parents sweaty and uncomfortable. I’m not up here to talk about sweaty undergarments, though. I’m not even up here because of my charm and good looks. I have been granted this lovely opportunity to speak to compensate for the misery that went into the earning of the title â€Å"valedictorian†, and all the misery that will envelope the rest of my life as a result of it. Whenever I can’t figure out how the pump works at the gas station, I’ll hear, â€Å"And you were valedictorian?† If I try to pull on a door that says push, it will be, â€Å"You were valedictorian?† Get caught picking my nose on the jumbo-tron at a baseball game, and the jeers will assault me: â€Å"Hey, jackass, were you really valedictorian?† The purpose of a graduation speech, as it has been laid out before me, is not to complain, though, but rather to bore the hell out of you. That’s why my speech will last about four hours and seventeen minutes, filled with uninspiring poetry readings, bland quotes, meaningless anecdotes and the traditional candied assortment of shameless clichà ©s and platitudes. Of course, I do realize that my speech is a compulsory formality, and that, in all likelihood, nothing I say will ... ...s and a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush yadda yadda yadda. But, most importantly, have a sense of humor and cherish this gift of spasms and primitive noises as a part of human nature, before you age to the point where your heart will stop if you laugh. Laugh at life’s ironies and disappointments. Laugh at your society, your friends, and yourself. Laugh at Carrot Top even, not because he is funny, but because he thinks he is funny, which is so pathetic and absurd that it actually is funny. I’m going to end with a fitting quote. It’s not by Jefferson or Emerson as is customary in graduation speeches, but by the Harvard graduate, talk-show host, and comedian, Conan O’Brien. â€Å"If you can laugh at yourself loud and hard every time you fall, people will think you’re drunk.† Thank you Northglenn High class of 2006. I hope to laugh at you all again in ten years.

Diabetes Mellitus Philippine Callcentre Staff Health And Social Care Essay

The outsourcing industry is presently a turning tendency in the Philippines supplying employment chances for many immature professionals. The Filipino outsourcing industry has grown 46 % yearly since 2004 ( Rivette, 2010 ) and is presently stand foring 21 % of the $ 7.2 billion of entire Business Process Outsourcing ( BPO ) grosss worldwide. With the addition in BPO employment chances, more and more immature Filipino professionals are using for and working as call centre agents. Approximately 400,000 Filipinos are already employed as call centre agents ( Rivette, 2010 ) and with a growing rate of 46 % yearly, it can be estimated that another 200,000 Filipinos will be fall ining this work force following twelvemonth. However, despite the economic benefits of the enlargement of BPO in the Philippines, an addition in work-related diseases in call centre companies have besides been reported. The most researched work-related disease in call centres in the Philippines is on sexually transm itted infections, peculiarly HIV-AIDS. Harmonizing to the survey done by the UP Population Institute ( 2010 ) , 20 % of male call centre agents are commercial sex workers while 14 % of them give payment in exchange for sex. The survey besides showed that 1/3 of call centre agents have had insouciant sex in the last 12 months. These statistics validate the addition in hazardous sexual behaviour among call centre agents in the Philippines. However, addition in hazardous sexual behaviour is merely a portion of the life style of most call centre agents. Other hapless lifestyle picks observed among call centre agents is their backing of fast nutrient, smoke, ingestion of intoxicant, increased caffeine consumption, reduced slumber, and diminish physical inaction. Besides hapless lifestyle picks, the nature of their work besides predisposes them to emphasize and perturbations in their sleeping form. All of these factors predispose them to wellness jobs peculiarly high blood pressure, flesh iness, and diabetes. A figure of surveies have already been conducted on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and name centre agents in the Philippines but there are presently no surveies yet on the incidence of other diseases among call centre agents. This survey would wish to bridge this information spread because cognition on the development of other diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes are besides every bit of import as cognition on the increased transmittal of STIs among call centre agents. A In this survey, the research workers would wish to research the association between the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II among call centre agents in the Philippines. As mentioned above, name centre agents and their lifestyle predisposes them to developing diabetes. The research workers would wish to turn to the job of potentially developing Diabetess Mellitus because of the long-run complications of this disease on the quality of life. The research workers would desire to specifically turn to Type II Diabetes Mellitus for the basic ground that this type of Diabetes develops chiefly because of lifestyle factors. The research workers believe that cognition on the association between call centre agents and the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II is extremely important because of the wellness deductions of this disease and its possible to be prevented.II. Significance of the StudyThe increasing tendency of call centre bureaus in the state provides occupation chances to the i ncreasing supply of alumnuss in the state. Bing employed as a call centre agent in a call centre bureau is assumed to increase the hazard of sensitivity to different disease entities because of the extremist life style alterations one undergoes. With the increasing figure of employed call centre agents, there is hence an addition in the figure of people who are at hazard of geting diseases. Few literature trades with call centre agents that discusses the acquisition of certain diseases secondary to their business. This survey aims to increase the fund of literature with respect to this. Diabetess Mellitus, Type II is a chronic and debilitating disease. Besides, as said, this is a life-long disease. Once a individual acquires this disease, he or she will everlastingly be predisposed to the co-morbidities and effects of the disease ; which in bend, will diminish one ‘s figure of productive life old ages. A Prevention is the most cost-effective attack when aiming populations. If the consequences of this survey will demo an association between being a call centre and geting Diabetes Type II, we would be able to turn to the spread in cognition with respects to the association of being an employed call centre agent and geting Diabetes Mellitus, Type II. Besides this would supply extra informations for policy shapers to turn to steps with respects to the bar of this disease.III. Scope of RestrictionsA A A A A A A A A A A The survey will merely include employees in call centres in Ortigas, Philippines. The survey will be done for a period of 5 ( ? ) old ages and will merely find if an person will develop Type II Diabetes Mellitus ( DM ) or non. The survey will non quantify the grade and badness of the disease upon diagnosing. Fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) will be used in the diagnosing of DM, as it is the most dependable and convenient trial for placing DM in symptomless persons ( Fauci et al, 2008 ) and portion of the guidelines used by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ( AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force, 2007 ) . Persons will be counted as instances if diagnosed with Type II DM through the class of the survey. Cases will be provided with appropriate intercessions ( non-pharmacological, referral ) . A A A A A A A A A A A A A The survey will except those who have the followers at the start of the survey: Type II DM, history of Diabetes in the immediate household, organic structure mass index ( BMI ) above or below the normal value as per Asian criterion, and more than or equal to 30 old ages of age. These exclusion standards are the factors that can be controlled in choosing the persons within the population that may predispose them to be identified as instances.IV. Review of Related LiteratureName Center Industry Harmonizing to a reappraisal done by O'Maley ( 2008 ) , the Philippines has been a major participant in the outsourcing industry over the past 10 old ages. Six major factors were identified to be the grounds why the Philippines take part radically in the said industry. One is the increasing authorities support for information engineering investing despite the fickle political clime. Second is the uninterrupted pooling of college alumnuss with good English communicating accomplishments and proficiency. It was stated in the reappraisal that 75 % of the entire population in the Philippines ( harmonizing to a United Nations ‘ informations ) speak English fluently with a 94 % literacy rate which gives a comparative advantage in the industry as compared to other states. Third is high cognition about Information and Communications Technology ( ICT ) . Fourth is the easy constitution of a dependable and moderately priced telecommunication substructure. Fifth are the low costs but high quality locations of call centre bureaus. And in conclusion, 6th, the increasing tendencies of outsourcing globally. In that same article written by O'Maley, it was said that the Philippines systematically ranks among the top five Business Procedure Outsourcing ( BPO ) locations globally. This portions a five-year-compounded one-year growing rate of 38 % . The Philippine BPO system was besides coined as the major participant in the growing of the service sector in the state. The Philippines plays a major function in providing the demand for more call centre agents as an consequence of the planetary trending of outsourcing worldwide. Harmonizing to the Philippine National Statistic Office ( 2010 ) , name centre activities ranked first among all BPO activities covering about half of the entire industry with 219 ( 48 % ) call centre constitutions. A With the increasing figure of call centre bureaus, it is logical to state that there is besides an increasing demand for call centre agents to work for such industry. Call centre activities employ bulk of the workers among all BPOs. In 2008, call centre bureaus employed about 150,000 workers ( Philippine National Statistics Office, 2010 ) . There are about 400,000 Filipinos who are presently employed as call centre agents harmonizing to Rivette ( 2010 ) . Name Center Agents Harmonizing toA a policy provided by the Employment and Immigration Department of the Government of Alberta ( 2008 ) , call centre agents are the 1s who â€Å" respond to inquiries and enquiries, construct client relationships, decide client jobs and supply information about company policies, merchandises and services over the phone and via electronic communicating. † Working conditions from one call centre to another may differ. Harmonizing to that same policy, name centre agents normally work indoors but in a instead unfastened environment to diminish privateness. Further, directors are allowed to enter and supervise the conversations of an agent and his or her client. Working displacements besides differ from one bureau to another. Some bureaus provide services 24-hours a twenty-four hours, seven yearss a hebdomad. Lifestyle of Call Center Agents and Associated Health Risk Factors Because of the nature of their work, name centre agents normally live a life style that may set them at hazard for development of certain diseases. First, name centre â€Å" workers remained in a inactive sitting place 95 % of the clip † ( Rocha, 2005 ) which makes them prone to physical inaction that may take to fleshiness. Development of fleshiness is of significance because it is a hazard factor for the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II harmonizing to the AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force of 2007. Second, name centre workers are exposed to a extremely nerve-racking environment. Call centre workers â€Å" identified call-time force per unit areas i.e. , holding to treat a client call within a specific figure of seconds as holding the strongest relationship to occupation emphasis † ( Di Tecco et Al, 1992 ) . Another survey identified â€Å" holding to cover with hard clients as the most important beginning of occupation emphasis in 54.0 % of call centre agents managing inbound services and 54.4 % of call centre agents managing outbound services † ( Lin et al, 2010 ) . High degrees of emphasis can take to increased hydrocortisone degrees in the organic structure which is of significance because of its effects on organic structure metamorphosis. Abnormalities in organic structure metamorphosis can take to metabolic jobs such as stress-induced fleshiness which may give rise to high blood pressure, lipemia, and hyperglycaemia ( Andrews, 2002 ) . Third, the usual diet of call centre agents is high in cholesterin and fat and low in fibre which puts them at hazard for dyslipidemia and hypercholesteremia. In a survey conducted by the UP Population Institute, they identified the usual lifestyle picks of immature professionals in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. They studied the economic, societal and wellness position of 929 immature professionals less than 35 old ages old working at call centres and non call centres. The survey revealed that â€Å" there is a high degree of ingestion of french friess, Burgers, french friess and fried chicken † among the workers and â€Å" a few figure consume instant noodles and street nutrient on a regular basis † . It was found out that fried poulet was the most popular nutrient pick among Business Process Outsourcing ( BPO ) workers with 78 % stating that they consume it on a regular basis. French friess were the following most popular nutrient pick with 54 % stating they consume it on a regular basis, followed by french friess at 53 % and Burgers at 49 % . High caffeine consumption was besides reported in 2/3 of all immature professionals imbibing java daily. However, the survey pointed out that call centre workers drank more java than non-call centre workers. Call centre workers drank 2.3 cups of java daily while non call centre workers drank 1.7 cups daily. Tea consumption was besides reported where 1/4 of all call centre workers drank tea while merely 1/5 of non-call centre workers drank tea. The survey besides revealed that 50 % of all immature workers drink soda daily at an norm of 1.5 bottles or tins daily. The survey besides explored leisure activities of call centre agents. Based on the UP Population Institute study, 72 % of call centre agents said that their most common leisure activity is imbibing compared to partying ( 62 % ) or videoke catchs ( 59 % ) . The survey said that overall â€Å" there is a really high degree of current imbibing among workers † , 85 % for call centre agents and 87 % for non-call centre agents. Fatty nutrient and ingestion of intoxicant can increase triglyceride and cholesterin degrees which is a hazard factor for the development of diabetes ( AACE, 2007 ) . Fourth, sleep want is common among call centre agents. In the same survey, they besides found out that alternatively of the recommended 8 hours of slumber, name centre agents merely acquire 6.2 hours of sleep each twenty-four hours. Sleep want can take to metabolic perturbations and hormonal alterations doing fleshiness ( Merck ) and accordingly diabetes. Fifth, due to tire and miss of slumber, name centre agents resort to smoke to get by with emphasis. They reported that â€Å" 43 % of call centre employees smoke while merely 21 % of non call centre agents smoke † . â€Å" A call centre agent who smokes normally consumes 9 sticks a twenty-four hours on norm † . Smoking is a known hazard factor for the development of coronary artery disease taking to high blood pressure and cardiac disease. Since high blood pressure and cardiac disease are risk factors for the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II ( AACE, 2007 ) , smoking may so predispose an person in developing diabetes. Diseases Associated with Call Center Employees An addition in the turnover, absenteeism, and occupational diseases in call centre employees resulted from deficiency of modernisation of procedures and organisational planning in call centres in Brazil ( Rocha et al, 2005 ) . A focussed group probe conducted in a call centre employed with 200 persons observed the â€Å" presence of ailments of muscular hurting, tummy achings, sleep changes and crossness † ( Westin in Rocha et Al, 2005 ) . Work-related muscular upsets were found to be extremely prevailing among the female than male call centre employees, specifically on the neck/shoulder part ( 43 % ) and on the wrists/hands part ( 39 % ) . It was observed that a combination of high demands and deficiency of work control among the female call centre employees A reflect a extremely nerve-racking occupation that predispose them to the increased hazard of holding musculoskeletal upsets ( Theorell in Rocha et Al, 2005 ) . The restrictions of the survey done by Rocha et Al ( 2005 ) are that the analyses were limited to one call centre linked to a bank, cross-sectional design, little sample size, and symptom-based diagnosing ( such as hurting, numbing, giddiness, prickling esthesis, stiffening, firing esthesis ) . In a survey done by d'Errico et Al ( 2010 ) , the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the same part was assessed utilizing the undermentioned inclusion standards to continue the specificity of the result, although it probably decreased its sensitiveness: a ) presence of musculoskeletal symptoms ( hurting, combustion, stiffing, numbness or prickling ) at any clip during the last 28 yearss and B ) audience to a physical and or self-medication because of the symptoms. Besides, the â€Å" presence of any disease known to be associated with musculoskeletal upsets such as high blood pressure, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, urarthritis, thyroid diseases, rheumatoid arthritis ) , old hurts in the last five old ages, leisure physical activity, organic structure mass index, smoke, matrimonial position, educational degree, gender, and age category were explored as possible confounders of the association between workplace factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. † It was found i n this survey that 45 % of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms wherein cervix ( 39 % ) symptoms were the most prevailing, followed by the shoulder ( 22 % ) , handwrist ( 10 % ) , and cubitus ( 4 % ) . Neck/shoulder symptoms were associated with â€Å" low occupation control, elevated noise, hapless desk lighting and impossibleness to tilt back while sitting. † Elbow/hand-wrist symptoms were associated with â€Å" short intervals between calls, deficient working infinite, deficiency of forearm support, occupation insecurity, and long senior status in the industry. † Other survey that reported the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms among call centre employees were done by Halford and Cohen ( 2003 ) wherein computing machine usage factors and single psychosocial factors were significantly associated with self-reporting of musculoskeletal upset symptoms. Sudhashree et Al ( 2005 ) stated in a column missive that the call centre industry in India ranked high for abrasion due to wellness grounds such as kiping upsets ( 83 % ) , voice loss ( 8.5 % ) , ear jobs ( 8.5 % ) , digestive upsets ( 14.9 % ) and oculus sight jobs ( 10.6 % ) . Burnout stress syndrome, which includes chronic weariness, insomnia, and complete change of biological beat of the organic structure are everyday cause for sickness absenteeism. Chronic degree of emphasis besides affects other systems of the organic structure such as the cardiovascular and hormone. In a survey done by Lin et Al ( 2010 ) in a bank call centre in Taiwan, name centre employees have had prevailing ailments of musculoskeletal uncomfortableness, oculus strain, gruffness, and sore pharynx. Besides, it was found that those who perceived higher occupation emphasis had significantly increased hazard of multiple wellness jobs, including oculus strain, tinnitus, gruffness, sore pharynx, chronic cough with emotionlessness, thorax stringency, cranky tummy or peptic ulcers, and musculoskeletal uncomfortableness. In the Philippines, there are no surveies about the wellness hazards and occupational diseases associated among call centre employees. However, there is a study of a rise in the figure of Filipinos infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( HIV ) and includes the call centre employees ( Ruiz, 2010 ) . Diabetess Mellitus, Type II Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Epidemiology A A A A A A A A A A A Diabetes mellitus ( DM ) is a group of metabolic upsets wherein there is an addition in blood sugar ( hyperglycaemia ) ensuing from absolute or comparative lack of insulin, or both. There are many categorizations of this disease entity based on the diseased procedure that leads to hyperglycemia. In Type II DM, hyperglycaemia resulted from a scope of preponderantly insulin opposition with comparative insulin lack to a preponderantly insulin secretory defect with insulin opposition ( Fauci et al, 2008 ) . It normally occurs among the older age group ( & gt ; 30 old ages old ) but there is an increasing diagnosing in the younger group ( Tidy, 2009 ) . â€Å" Most symptoms of diabetes appear really tardily in the phase of the disease. A batch of diabetics do non hold symptoms when their blood sugars are elevated for the first clip † ( National Objectives for Health, 2005 ) . A A A A A A A A A A A There is a dramatic addition in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus worldwide, from ~30million instances in 1985 to 177 million in 2000. Type II DM is increasing more quickly because of â€Å" increasing fleshiness and decreased activity degrees as states become more industrialised, † as in the instance of many developing states in Asia ( Fauci et al, 2008 ) . A countrywide prevalence study in the Philippines by the Department of Health showed that four ( 4.1 % ) out of one 100 Filipinos are diabetics, and the prevalence was higher in urban ( 6.8 % ) than in rural ( 2.5 % ) countries. The World Health Organization estimates that there will be a doubling of prevalence of diabetes in Southeast Asia every five to ten old ages. Using this as premise, the prevalence of diabetes in the Philippines is about 8 to 16 per centum ( National Objectives for Health, 2005 ) . Besides, the decease rate in diabetes has risen from 4.3 per 100,000 population in 1984 to 7.1 per 100,000 population in 1993. It is of import to observe that there is underreporting of deceases due to diabetes, as shown by local surveies, because of misclassification as deceases due to cardiovascular or nephritic disease both of which are chronic complications of DM ( National Objectives for Health, 2005 ; Fauci et Al, 2008 ) . Type II Diabetes Mellitus Risk factors and Nosologies Harmonizing to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ( AACE ) Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus ( AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force, 2007 ) , there are several hazard factors to developing prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus. Such hazard factors are ( a ) household history of diabetes, ( B ) cardiovascular disease, ( degree Celsius ) overweight or corpulent province, ( vitamin D ) sedentary life style, ( vitamin E ) Latin american or Latino, Non-Hispanic black, Asiatic American, Native American, or Pacific Islander ethnicity, ( degree Fahrenheit ) antecedently identified impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, ( g ) high blood pressure, ( H ) increased degrees of triglycerides, low concentrations high-density lipoproteins cholesterin, or both, ( I ) history of gestational diabetes, ( J ) history of bringing of an baby with a birth weight & gt ; 9 lbs, ( K ) polycystic ovary syndr ome, and ( cubic decimeter ) psychiatric unwellness. To name Diabetes Mellitus, any one of the three standards is sufficient in diagnosing the patient harmonizing to the AACE. These standards are: ( a ) symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss and insouciant plasma glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 200 mg/ deciliter, ( B ) fasting plasma glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 126 mg/ deciliter, and ( degree Celsius ) 2-hour postchallenge glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 200 mg/ deciliter during a 75-gram unwritten glucose tolerance trial. A Diabetess Mellitus Prevention A survey done by the Diabetes Prevention Program ( DPP ) showed that intensive alterations in life style, quantified as diet and exercising for 30min/day five times/week in persons with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT ) delayed the development of Type II DM by 58 % . ( Harrison ‘s, 2008 ) . It was besides found out that Metformin slowed down the patterned advance or halted the development of Type II DM by 31 % compared to placebo. Peoples with a strong sensitivity to diabetes due to household history or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose ( IFG ) , are strongly advised to keep a normal BMI and prosecute in regular exercising. Harmonizing to the recent ADA Consensus panel, persons with IFG and IGT who are at a high hazard for patterned advance to diabetes ( age & lt ; 60 old ages, BMI & gt ; 35 kg/m2, household history of diabetes in the first-degree, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL, high blood pressure, or A1C & gt ; 6.0 % ) could be appraised for Metformin intervention but non other medicines. Acute complications of DM The acute complications of diabetes are diabetic diabetic acidosis ( DKA ) and hyperglycemic hyperoslomar province ( HHS ) . Both upsets are associated with absolute or comparative insulin lack, volume depletion, and acid-base abnormalcies. These may take to serious complications if non quickly remedied. Diabetic Ketoacidosis The usual marks and symptoms of DKA are A sickness and emesis, hyperglycaemia, hypotension, Kussmaul respirations, fruity Oder on the patient ‘s breath, inordinate thirtst, and polyuria. DKA is characterized by hyperglycaemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis that is accompanied by secondary metabolic abnormalcies. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State HHS may normally be seen in an aged person with Type II DM, with symptoms of polyuria, weight loss, and lessened unwritten consumption that preceded mental confusion or coma. Physical scrutiny shows profound desiccation and hyperosmolarity with concomitat hypotension, tachycardia, and altered mental province. In contrast to DKA, HHS does non present with sickness, purging, abdominal hurting and Kussmaul marks. Chronic complications of DM The chronicity of the disease brings about systemic engagement that affects multiple organ systems. Complications may be divided into nonvascular and vascular complications. Nonvascular complications include gastroparesis, tegument alterations, and cataracts. Vascular complications can be farther subdivided into micro and macrovascular. Microvascular alterations, which result from long standing hyperglycaemia include retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Macrovascular alterations include coronary arteria disease and peripheral arterial diseases. ( NIkki, I ‘ll direct you my bill of exchange. di ko getaway kung tama. I Ca n't make the model here. ) Figure 1.Conceptual ModelV. AimsA A A A A A A A A A A With the nature of the work and environment in a call centre industry, the survey aims to find if working in a call centre predisposes an person to the development of Type II diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . Specifically, it aims: a. A A A A A A A To find the incidence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus within the period of survey. b. A A A A A A A To find the etiologic factors associated with the development of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.VI. MentionsAACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force ( 2007 ) . American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clincial pattern for the direction of diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Practice. 13:3-68 Andrews, R.C. , O. Herlihy, D.E.W. Livingstone et Al. ( 2002 ) . Abnormal hydrocortisone metamorphosis and tissue sensitiveness to cortisol in patients with glucose intolerance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 87 ( 12 ) : 5587-5593. Di Tecco, D. , Cwitco, G. , Arsenault, A. , Andre, M. ( 1992 ) . Operator Stress and Monitoring Practices. Appl Ergon 23, 147-53. d'Errico, A. , Caputo, P. , Falcone, U. , Fubini, L. , Gilardi, L. , Mamo, C. , Migliardi, A. , Quarta, D. , and Coffano, E. ( 2010 ) . Hazard factors for upper appendage musculoskeletal symptoms among call centre employees. Journal of Occupational Health. 52:115-124. Employment and Immigration. ( 2008 ) . Alberta Occupational Profiles: Name Centre Agent. Government of Alberta. Retrieved September 10, 2010 from A hypertext transfer protocol: //alis.alberta.ca/occinfo/Content/RequestAction.asp? aspAction=GetHTMLProfile & A ; format=html & A ; occPro_ID=71002991 Fauci, AS. , Braunwald, E. , Kasper DL. , Hauser, SL. , Longo, DL. , Jameson, JL.. , and Loscalzo, J. ( 2008 ) . Harrison ‘s Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th erectile dysfunction. A USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Halford, V. , and Cohen, HH. ( 2003 ) . Technology usage and psychosocial factors in the self-reporting of musculoskeletal upset symptoms in call centre workers. Journal of Safety Research. 34 ( 2 ) :167-173 Lin, YH. , Chen, CY. , HONG, WH. , and Lin YC. ( 2010 ) . Perceived occupation emphasis and wellness ailments at a bank call centre: comparing between inbound and outbound services. Industrial Health. 48:349-356 Merck Manuals Online Medical Library ( 2010 ) . Obesity. Retrieved September 11, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch156/ch156a.html National Objectives for Health. ( 2005 ) . Retrieved 9 September 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.doh.gov.ph/noh/3-2-3.pdf National Statistics Office. ( 2010 ) . 2008 Annual Survey of Philippine Businesss and INdustry: Business Process Outsourcing Activities. Manila Philippines. Retrieved September 10, 2010 A from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/aspbi08_bpotx.html O'Maley, R. ( 2008 ) . Particular Report — Call Centres in the Philippines. Retrived September 10, 2010 from: www.callcentrehelper.com/special-report-in-the-philippines-2231.htm Rivette, D. ( 2010 ) . The Emerging Philippine Value Proposition. Trestle Group Consulting. Retrieved September 11, 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bpap.org/bpap/publications/ TG_SDS_PhilippineValueProposition_March2010 % 5B1 % 5D ( 2 ) .pdf Rocha, LE. , Glina, DMR. , Marinho, MdF. , and Nakasato, D. ( 2005 ) . Hazard factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call centre operators of a bank in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Industrial Health. 43:637-646 Ruiz, J. ( 2010 ) . HIV instances soar among Filipino yuppies, name centre workers. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 10 September 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/01/27/10/hiv-cases-soar-among-filipino-yuppies-call-center-workers Sudhashree, VP. , Rohith, K. and Shrinivas, K. ( 2005 ) . Issues and concerns of wellness among call centre employees. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environment Medicine. 9 ( 3 ) : 129-132 Tidy, C. ( 2009 ) . Diabetes mellitus. Filipino Medics. Retrieved 10 September 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.philippinemedics.com/diabetes-mellitus/ UP Population Institute ( 2010 ) . Lifestyle, Health Status and Behavior of Young Workers in Call Centers and Other Industries: Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. Retrieved 11 September 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/08/05/10/call-center-workers-diet-fast- food-caffeine-and-alcohol

The Obesity And Obesity Program At Children s Hospital...

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